Universal protocol for power tools

ABSTRACT

A system and method for communicating with power tools using a universal protocol. The universal protocol may be implemented using a universal core module that is installed across a variety of power tools and other devices to enable communications therewith. Communications to and from the power tools are translated to a universal protocol once received. The translated communications are handled by the universal core module of a particular tool according to a set of rules. In response, the universal core module outputs communications according to the universal protocol and the set of rules, which may be translated to another protocol for receipt by components of the tool or an external device. The communications may be used, for example, to obtain tool performance data from the tools and to provide firmware updates.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/249,961, filed Aug. 29, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,710,373, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,513, filed May27, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,370, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/944,751, filed Jul. 17, 2013, now U.S.Pat. No. 9,055,033, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/672,530, filed Jul. 17, 2012, and the entire contentsof all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to communication protocols for power toolsand other devices.

SUMMARY

A protocol is a set of rules defining how communications are to occurbetween two components. For instance, a protocol may define one or moreof syntax, semantics, and synchronization rules for communicationsbetween components, including rules relating to data formats for dataexchange, address formats for data exchange, address mapping, routingrules, detection/correction of transmission errors, acknowledgmentmessages, loss of information handling, direction and timing ofinformation flow, sequence control, and flow control. The complexitiesof protocols selected for use in particular applications may vary.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a universal protocol forcommunicating with power tools to enable, for instance, the retrieval ofperformance data or the installation of firmware. Embodiments of theinvention also relate to an interface module implementing a universalprotocol that is used across a variety of power tools and other devicesto enable communications with the power tools and other devices.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of implementing auniversal protocol on a plurality of tools, the plurality of toolsincluding a variety of power tool types. The method includes generatingan interfacing module including a universal core module and an interfacemodule, and then installing the interfacing module on a memory of eachof the plurality of tools. The universal core module is used toimplement the universal protocol and is generic to the plurality oftools. The universal core module includes a set of rules enablinginterpretation and handling of communications that are in accordancewith the universal protocol. The interface module is particular to eachof the power tool types and is configured to translate communications onroute to the universal core module to the universal protocol and totranslate communications output by the universal core module from theuniversal protocol to another protocol.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a universal protocolsystem including a plurality of tools and an interfacing module. Theplurality of tools includes a variety of power tool types, each toolincluding a memory. The interfacing module is installed on the memory ofeach tool and includes a universal core module and an interface module.The universal core module is used to implement a universal protocol andis generic to the plurality of tools. The universal core module alsoincludes a set of rules enabling interpretation and handling ofcommunications that are in accordance with the universal protocol. Theinterface module is particular to each of the power tool types. Theinterface module is configured to translate communications on route tothe universal core module to the universal protocol and to translatecommunications output by the universal core module from the universalprotocol to another protocol.

In some embodiments of the method and system, the variety of power tooltypes include tools having various power platforms. For instance, insome embodiments, the variety of power tool types includes tools poweredby at least an AC power source and a DC power source. Additionally, insome embodiments, the variety of power tool types includes tools poweredby at least two of a 4 volt battery pack, a 12 volt battery pack, an 18volt battery pack, a 28 volt battery pack, and a 36 volt battery pack.Thus, the universal core module is generic to the plurality of toolshaving a plurality of power platforms.

Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration ofthe detailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-B illustrate tools incorporating a universal protocol accordingto embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1C illustrates a battery for powering the tool of FIG. 1B.

FIG. 2 illustrates a controller of a tool incorporating the universalprotocol.

FIG. 3 illustrates a memory of a tool incorporating the universalprotocol.

FIG. 4 illustrates interface software, including universal core softwarefor implementing the universal protocol.

FIGS. 5A-B illustrate exemplary communication flows between an externaldevice and a tool component according to the universal protocol.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method of implementing a universal core module on aplurality of various tools and accessories.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method for implementing an exemplary rule set ofthe universal core module.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways.

It should also be noted that a plurality of hardware and software baseddevices, as well as a plurality of different structural components, maybe used to implement the invention. In addition, it should be understoodthat embodiments of the invention may include hardware, software, andelectronic components or modules that, for purposes of discussion, maybe illustrated and described as if the majority of the components wereimplemented solely in hardware. However, one of ordinary skill in theart, and based on a reading of this detailed description, wouldrecognize that, in at least one embodiment, the electronic based aspectsof the invention may be implemented in software (e.g., stored onnon-transitory computer-readable medium) executable by one or moreprocessors. As such, it should be noted that a plurality of hardware andsoftware based devices, as well as a plurality of different structuralcomponents may be utilized to implement the invention. Furthermore, andas described in subsequent paragraphs, the specific mechanicalconfigurations illustrated in the drawings are intended to exemplifyembodiments of the invention and that other alternative mechanicalconfigurations are possible. For example, “controllers” described in thespecification can include standard processing components, such as one ormore processors, one or more computer-readable medium modules, one ormore input/output interfaces, and various connections (e.g., a systembus) connecting the components. In some instances, the controllersdescribed in the specification may be implemented in one of or acombination of a general processor, an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmablegate array (FPGA), or the like.

FIGS. 1A and 1B each illustrate a power tool 100 incorporating auniversal protocol according to embodiments of the invention. The powertool 100 a of FIG. 1A is an AC powered tool that receives power from anAC source (not shown), such as a standard 120 V/60 Hz source, via powercord 105. Power tool 100 b of FIG. 1B is a DC powered tool that receivespower from a DC battery 110. As shown in FIG. 1C, the battery 110includes two terminals 115, a positive terminal 115 a, and a negativeterminal 115 b, for interfacing with the power tool 100 b. Although notshown, the power tool 100 b has complimentary terminals for forming aconnection with the terminals 115 when the battery 110 is inserted intothe power tool 100 b. In some instances, additional terminals areprovided for duplicating connection points and/or for providing separatecommunication paths for the power tool 100 b to communicate withinternal components of the battery 110. The battery 110 is a tower-stylebattery that may include a latching mechanism to ensure that the battery110 remains coupled to the power tool 100 b during operation. In someembodiments, the battery 110 does not include a vertical tower but,rather, has an alternate battery configuration, such as for slidinglyengaging the power tool 100 b via a horizontal rail and groovearrangement.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the power tool 100. The power tool100 includes a controller 125 in communication with and receiving powerfrom a power block 130. In the battery-powered power tool 100 b, thepower block 130 is coupled to the battery 110 via the terminals 115 ofthe battery 110 and matching terminals (not shown) of the power block130. In the AC-powered power tool 100 a, an AC source 135 is coupled tothe power block 130, rather than the DC battery 110. The power block 130may further include power regulating and conversion circuitry to ensurethat the power provided to various components of the power tool 100 aand 100 b is at the appropriate level(s).

The controller 125 is further coupled to a wireless antenna 140 and aninput/output (I/O) port 145. As will be described in greater detailbelow, the power block 130, wireless antenna 140, and I/O port 145enable the tool 100 b to communicate with external devices and arecollectively referred to as the physical interface 150.

The controller 125 is also coupled to user input 155, which may includeone or more of an actuating device (e.g., a trigger, button, etc.), oneor more selectors (e.g., a forward/reverse selector, light control,etc.), and other input elements (speed level, torque, level, etc.) toprovide user commands to the controller to indicate how the user desiresthe power tool 100 to operate.

The controller 125 is coupled to a memory 160. The memory 160 includes,among other elements, software that is executed by a processing unit ofthe controller 125 to control the functions of the tool 100 describedherein. The controller 125 is further coupled to a motor drive 165,sensors 170, and user output 175. The controller 125 provides controlsignals to the motor drive 165 such that the motor drive 165 selectivelyenables power from one of the AC power source 135 and the battery 110 todrive the motor 180. The control signals to operate the motor drive 165are generated based on (a) signals received by the controller 125 fromthe user input 155 and the sensors 170 and (b) software and parametersreceived and executed by the controller 125 from the memory 160. Themotor 180 may be one of a brushless motor and brushed motor.

The sensors 170 include one or more sensors for detecting variousoperating conditions of the tool 100, such as the temperature within thetool housing, the rotational position, speed, acceleration, and/ordirection of the motor 180, vibrations, acceleration of the tool, thelocation of the tool, etc. For instance, the sensors 170 may include oneor more hall sensors for monitoring the position, speed, acceleration,and/or direction of the motor 180. The controller 125 may receive theoutputs of the hall sensors to properly time commutation control signalsof the motor drive 165. In some instances, the motor drive 165 maydirectly receive the hall sensors' outputs to control timing of thecommutation of the motor 180. The user output 175 includes one or moreof LEDs, a speaker, a vibrating element, etc. to inform the user of thestatus of the tool 100. For instance, if an error occurs, such as lowbattery power, the tool 100 may output an audible alert, an LED mayflash, and/or the vibrating element may provide tactile feedback to theuser. Additionally, the controller 125 may selectively activate anddeactivate one or more LEDs that provide illumination of a working area.In some instances, the sensors 170 include a global positioningsatellite (GPS) module to provide a location of the tool 100 or astrength-of-signal sensor in wireless communication with anotherwireless device, such as a fixed wireless unit at a known position, todetermine a relative location of the tool with respect to the wirelessdevice.

FIG. 3 illustrates the memory 160 in greater detail. The memory 160 isillustrated as word-addressable and contains interface software 200,application software 205, parameters 210, and performance data log 215.The application software 205 generally includes the instructionsexecuted by the controller 125 to operate the power tool 100, forinstance, to drive the motor in a selected direction based on depressionof a trigger. The parameters 210 include stored values that effect theoperation of the power tool 100. For instance, various torque, speed,and limit parameters may be stored in the parameters 210. Duringoperation, the controller 125, based on instructions in the applicationsoftware 205, may retrieve and use values stored in the parameters 210,which affect tool performance. The performance data log 215 storesperformance data for the power tool 100. For instance, the performancedata log 215 may include usage data for the motor 180, temperature ofthe power tool 100, error data, battery charge levels, battery currentoutput levels, among other information and sensor data obtained by thecontroller 125. Usage data for the motor 180 may include motorrotational position, speed, acceleration, direction, temperature,current, etc.

Although the memory 160 is shown as a singular unit, the memory 160 maybe made up of various memories individually coupled to the controller125 or coupled to the controller 125 via a bus. Additionally, portionsof the memory 160 may be embedded within the controller 125. Forinstance, the parameters 210 may be stored within a memory of thecontroller 125.

As shown in FIG. 4, the interface software 200 includes three maincomponents: physical interface software 250, universal core software255, and tool component interface software 260. The interface software200 includes a set of instructions that enables the controller 125 tocarry out commands provided by external devices. For example, theinterface software 200 enables external devices to communicate withcomponents of the tool 100, such as with tool components 265, includingthe memory 160, the sensors 170, the user output 175, and the motordrive 165 (see FIG. 2).

The physical interface software 250 includes translation software thatenables the controller 125 to interpret signals received via thephysical interface 150. For instance, the wireless antenna 140 mayreceive and send signals to the controller 125 according to a wirelessprotocol, and the I/O port 145 may receive and send signals to thecontroller 125 according to a different protocol. The physical interfacesoftware 250, however, enables the controller 125 to translate thesignals received from the wireless antenna 140 and I/O port 145 to auniversal protocol. The translated signals may include a combination ofcommands and data (collectively, the “universal protocol input”), whichare handled by the controller 125 according to the universal coresoftware 255.

The universal core software 255 includes a set of rules that enables thecontroller 125 to carry out the commands provided via the physicalinterface software 250 and tool component interface software 260. Theuniversal core software 255 may also include a boot loader for thecontroller 125. Based on the universal protocol input and the rules ofthe universal core software 255, the universal core software 255provides universal protocol output, i.e., commands and data according tothe universal protocol, to the physical interface software 250 and tothe tool component interface software 260, as appropriate for aparticular situation. The tool component interface software 260translates the universal protocol output to one or more protocols usedto interact with the various tool components 265.

FIGS. 5A-B illustrate exemplary communication flows between an externaldevice 275 and one of the tool components 265, such as the memory 160.The example of FIGS. 5A-B will be described as a read of the memory 160of the tool 100 by the external device 275; however, the communicationsfrom the external device 275 may be for other reasons as well, such asmemory writes, sensor reads, firmware updates, troubleshooting, etc.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the external device 275, such as a smart phone,laptop, handheld fob device, another power tool, or an accessory,communicates a read request with the goal of receiving the performancedata log 215 of the memory 160. The read request is communicated in afirst protocol, such as a wireless protocol, via the physical interface150, to the controller 125. The controller 125, via the physicalinterface software 250, translates the read request from the firstprotocol to the universal protocol. After the translation, thecontroller 125, via the universal core software 255, interprets andhandles the translated read request according to a set of rules of theuniversal core software 255. For instance, the read request may includean identifier and security element (e.g., a password) of the requestingexternal device 275 and the controller 125 may verify that the externaldevice 275 is authorized to request the read. The controller 125 mayalso respond to the external device 275 with an acknowledge message,which is translated by the physical interface software 250 from theuniversal protocol to the first protocol on route to the external device275. After verification, the controller 125 translates the read requestin the universal protocol to a second protocol via the tool componentinterface software 260. The second protocol is the protocol used tocommunicate with the memory 160.

Turning to FIG. 5B, the memory 160 has received the read request in thesecond protocol and responds by outputting the requested data back tothe controller 125 according to the second protocol. The controller 125,via tool component interface software 260, translates the data to theuniversal protocol. The controller 125, via the universal core software255, handles the data according to rules, and provides the data in theuniversal protocol to the physical interface software 250. Thecontroller 125 then translates, via the physical interface software 250,the data to the first protocol. The controller 125 outputs the data inthe first protocol, via the physical interface 150, to the externaldevice 275 that originally provided the read request.

Although the physical interface software 250 and tool componentinterface software 260 are described as software stored in memory 160and executed by the controller 125, each may be implemented in part orwholly in hardware of the controller 125 or outside of the controller125. For example, the physical interface software 250 and/or the toolcomponent interface software 260 may be implemented by one or moreseparate digital signal processors (DSPs) or general purpose processorsexecuting the physical interface software 250 and/or tool componentinterface software 260, or by one or more field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Use of theterm “module” rather than “software,” (e.g., the physical interfacemodule), refers to implementations in which software is executed by thecontroller 125 as described above, implementations in which the softwareis executed by another processing device (e.g., a DSP) separate from thecontroller 125, and implementations in which the module is implementedin whole or in part by hardware (e.g., with an FPGA or ASIC).

Although the interface software 200 is described above as being executedon a power tool 100, embodiments of the invention include versions ofthe interface software 200 loaded on other types of tools andaccessories. For instance, versions of the interface software 200 may beloaded and executed on battery packs, battery chargers, other powertools, test and measurement equipment, vacuum cleaners, work siteradios, outdoor power equipment, and vehicles. Other power tools caninclude drills, circular saws, jig saws, band saws, reciprocating saws,screw drivers, angle grinders, straight grinders, hammers, multi-tools,impact wrenches, rotary hammers, impact drivers, angle drills, pipecutters, grease guns, and the like. Battery chargers can include wallchargers, multi-port chargers, travel chargers, and the like. Test andmeasurement equipment can include digital multimeters, clamp meters,fork meters, wall scanners, IR thermometers, laser distance meters,laser levels, remote displays, insulation testers, moisture meters,thermal imagers, inspection cameras, and the like. Vacuum cleaners caninclude stick vacuums, hand vacuums, upright vacuums, carpet cleaners,hard surface cleaners, canister vacuums, broom vacuums, and the like.Outdoor power equipment can include blowers, chain saws, edgers, hedgetrimmers, lawn mowers, trimmers, and the like. The battery pack can alsobe attachable to and detachable from devices such as electronic keyboxes, calculators, cellular phones, head phones, cameras, motionsensing alarms, flashlights, worklights, weather information displaydevices, a portable power source, a digital camera, a digital musicplayer, a radio, and multi-purpose cutters.

Additionally, the power tool 100 and other types of tools andaccessories may be powered by different power platforms. For instance,the various tools and accessories may be powered by one of an AC source(e.g., 120 V, 60 Hz) via a power cord, or a DC source (e.g., 4-V batterypack, 12-V battery pack, 18-V battery pack, 28-V battery pack, 36-Vbattery pack, 40-V battery pack, etc.). The DC battery packs include ahousing within which are one or more battery cells, which may be lithiumion (“Li-ion”) cells, Nickel-Cadium (“Ni-Cad”) cells, or cells ofanother chemistry type.

Across the various tools and accessories having various power platforms,the interface software 200 includes the same universal core software255. For instance, a hammer drill powered by a 28-V battery pack, animpact driver powered by an 18-V battery pack, a thermal imager poweredby a 12-V battery pack, and screwdriver powered by a 4-V battery packall include the same universal core software 255. However, the physicalinterface software 250 and tool component interface software 260 arecustomized for a particular tool or accessory. For example, if the tool100 includes the wireless antenna 140, but not the I/O port 145, thephysical interface software 250 may include only the software fortranslating communications between a first protocol used with thewireless antenna 140 and the universal protocol, but not the softwarefor translating a second protocol used with the I/O port 145 and theuniversal protocol. Moreover, if the tool 100 includes the memory 160and a particular temperature sensor as one of the sensors 170, the toolcomponent interface software 260 can be customized to translatecommunications between the universal protocol and those particular toolcomponents 265. Having the universal core software 255 consistent acrossvarious tools and accessories reduces development costs and simplifiescommunications across the various tools and accessories,troubleshooting, and data logging, and provides other benefits. Ratherthan development and maintaining software for each separate tool andaccessory, a single universal core module is installed on the varioustools and accessories, and (generally) the only customization is for thetranslation modules used to interface with the universal core.

Additionally, in some embodiments, generic physical interface modules250 and/or tool component interface modules 260 are generated andinstalled. The generic modules have the ability to translate betweenvarious protocols and the universal protocol, such that the genericmodules are able to be installed on various tool types, including thosethat have different protocol needs. For instance, a generic physicalinterface module 250 may include the ability to translate communicationsfor a wireless protocol and an I/O port protocol, and this genericphysical interface module 250 may be installed on (a) a first tool thatuses the wireless protocol, but not the I/O port protocol, (b) a secondtool that uses the I/O port protocol, but not the wireless protocol, and(c) a third tool that uses both the wireless protocol and the I/O portprotocol.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method 300 of implementing a universal core on aplurality of various tools and accessories. In step 305, the universalcore module 255, including the set of rules for handling communicationsbetween tool components and external devices, is generated. Generationmay include writing code in a first programming language and compilingthe code into machine code executable by the controller 125. In someinstances, the generation may include a combination of hardware andsoftware design, or may include solely hardware design.

In step 310, the physical interface of a particular tool or accessory isdetermined, including the particular protocols used by the physicalinterface. For instance, with respect to the power tool 100 as shown inFIG. 2, in step 310, the physical interface 150 is determined to includethe power block 130, the wireless antenna 140, and the I/O port 145.Additionally, the particular protocols of the power block 130, thewireless antenna 140, and the I/O port 145 are determined. In step 315,the physical interface module 250 is generated based on thedeterminations of step 310. For example, the physical interface module250 is generated to enable the translation of the particular protocolsused by the physical interface 150 to the universal core protocol, andthe translation of the universal core protocol to the particularprotocols used by the physical interface 150. The generation of thephysical interface module 250 may include hardware design, softwaredesign, or a combination thereof, similar to the generation of theuniversal core module 255.

In step 320, the components of the particular tool or accessory,including the particular protocols used by the components, aredetermined. For instance, with respect to the power tool 100 as shown inFIG. 2, in step 320, the tool components 265 are determined to includethe memory 160, the motor drive 165, the sensors 170, and the useroutput 175. Additionally, the particular protocols of the memory 160,the motor drive 165, the sensors 170, and the user output 175 aredetermined in step 320. In step 325, the tool component interface module260 is generated based on the determinations of step 320. For example,the tool component interface module 260 is generated to enable thetranslation of the particular protocols used by the tool components 265to the universal core protocol, and the translation of the universalcore protocol to the particular protocols used by the tool components265. The generation of the tool component interface module 260 mayinclude hardware design, software design, or a combination thereof,similar to the generation of the universal core module 255.

In step 330, the generated universal core module 255, physical interfacemodule 250, and tool component interface module 260 are installed in theparticular tool. For instance, in the case of the tool 100 and whereinthe generated universal core module 255, physical interface module 250,and the tool component interface module 260 are software, installationincludes loading the modules into the memory 160. For instance, as shownin FIG. 2, the memory 160 may include a power port and a read/write(r/w) port for reading and writing to the memory 160 (e.g., to installsoftware). The r/w port of the memory 160 and the connection showncoupling the memory 160 and controller 125, although shown as separateports in FIG. 2, may be implemented as a combined communication port. Toinstall software initially into the memory 160, while power (e.g., 3.3VDC) is applied to the power port, a write command and the software tobe installed may be transmitted to the memory 160 over the r/w port. Atthe end of step 330, the memory 160 of the power tool 100 has storedthereon the interface software 200 as shown in FIG. 3.

Thereafter, the interface software 200 may be used to install theapplication software 205 and/or parameters 210 on the memory 160. Forinstance, an external device may communicate the application software205 and/or parameters 210 to the universal core software 255 along withcommands to initially load the application software 205 and/orparameters 210 onto the memory 160. The installation of the applicationsoftware 205 and/or parameters 210 may occur at a different stage ofmanufacture of the tool 100 and/or at a different facility. Forinstance, the tool may be purchased without the application software 205and/or parameters 210, and then the purchasing entity may install theapplication software 205 and parameters 210, which may be custom to thepurchasing entity. Alternatively, in step 330, the application software205 and/or parameters 210 may also be installed in the memory 160.

In the case of one or more of the universal core module 255, physicalinterface module 250, and tool component interface module 260 beingimplemented at least in part in hardware, the installation of suchmodules may also include mounting the various hardware components to aPCB that resides within the particular tool. Mounting may include makingconductive connections between the hardware and the other components ofthe particular tool.

If in step 335, an additional tool or accessory is determined to requireinstallation of the interface module 200, the method 300 proceeds tostep 340. In step 340, it is determined whether the additional tool oraccessory has the same physical interface and tool components as a toolfor which a physical interface module 250 and tool component interfacemodule 260 was previously generated. If so, the method proceeds to step330 and the previously generated universal core module 255, physicalinterface module 250, and tool component interface module 260 areinstalled. Additionally, although not explicitly shown in FIG. 6, if theadditional tool or accessory has the same physical interface, but uniquetool component protocols (or vice versa), relative to a particular toolpreviously handled according to steps 305-325, the previously generatedphysical interface module 25 (or tool component interface module 260, asthe case may be) may be re-used and installed on the additional tool.The other of the tool component interface module 260 and the physicalinterface module 250 may then be generated and installed on theadditional tool or accessory.

If in step 340, however, the additional tool or accessory is determinedto not have had the physical interface module 250 and tool componentinterface module 260 previously generated, the method returns to step310. The steps 310 through 330 are repeated for the additional tool oraccessory to produce a customized physical interface module 250 and toolcomponent interface module 260; however, since the universal core module255 is consistent across various tools, the universal core module 255does not need to be re-generated or customized for the additional toolor accessory. Rather, the same universal core module 255 generated forthe first particular tool is re-used with the additional tool.

The steps in the method 300 may be executed in an order different thanthe order shown in FIG. 6. For instance, the physical interface modulesand tool component interface modules may be generated for various tools(steps 305-325), and then installed at a later point. Additionally, theuniversal core module, physical interface module, and tool componentinterface module may be generated in a different order.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method 350 that implements an exemplary rule set ofthe universal core module 255. Method 350 is entered into upon aninterrupt 355. The interrupt, which may be a software interrupt or ahardware interrupt, causes the controller 125 to jump to a particularline of code in the memory 160, such as a line in the interface software200, that includes instructions for handling the interrupt (i.e., aninterrupt handler). As illustrated, the interrupt 355 is assumed to bean interrupt generated due to receipt of a command from the externaldevice 275 (see FIGS. 5A-B). For instance, the external device 275 maysend an interrupt signal, or a command without an interrupt signal,which causes the physical interface 150 to activate (e.g., pull up orpull down) an interrupt pin of the controller 125. Once the interruptpin is activated, the controller 125 jumps to the particular line ofcode in the memory 160 to handle the interrupt. Alternatively, asoftware interrupt may be generated at regular intervals duringexecution of the application software 205, or a hardware interrupt maybe generated at regular intervals through activation of the interruptpin of the controller 125, at which point the method 350 is initiated.

In step 360, the universal core module 255 determines whether thecommand received was a read or write command. In the example, thecommand has been translated before step 360, either before or after theinterrupt 355 occurred, depending on the particular interface module 200design. Upon determining that a read command was received, the universalcore module 255 proceeds to step 365 to determine whether the command isauthorized. For instance, the read command may include an identifier andsecurity element (e.g., a password) of the requesting external device275 and the universal core module 255 may verify that the externaldevice 275 is authorized to request the read. After verification, instep 370, the universal core module 255 outputs the read command to thetool component interface module 260 according to the universal protocol.The tool component interface module 260 then proceeds to translate theread command to the appropriate protocol and outputs the request to theappropriate tool component. In some instances, the controller 125 iscoupled to the tool components 265 via one or more busses, and the readcommand includes an address that specifies a particular tool component,and a potentially a particular portion thereof, to be read. Forinstance, the motor drive 165, sensors 170, and user output 175 may bememory-mapped such that a read command with an address may specify anyof the motor drive 165, a sensor of the sensors 170, a user output 175,or a section of the memory 160.

The addressed tool component provides data back to the controller 125 inresponse to the read command, and, in step 375, the universal coremodule 255 receives the data, which was translated to the universalprotocol by the tool component interface module 260. In step 380, theuniversal core module 255 outputs the data obtained in step 375 to thephysical interface module 250. Thereafter, the physical interface module250 outputs the data to the external device 275 according to theprotocol of the external device 275. After step 380, the universal coremodule 255 exits the interrupt handler (i.e., returns from theinterrupt) in step 385.

Upon determining that a write command was received, the universal coremodule 255 proceeds to step 390 to determine whether the command isauthorized. For instance, the write command may include an identifierand security element (e.g., a password) of the requesting externaldevice 275 and the universal core module 255 may verify that theexternal device 275 is authorized to request the write. If the commandcannot be authorized, the universal core module 255 proceeds to providea denial message to the requesting device in step 395 and exit theinterrupt handler in step 385. After verification, in step 400, theuniversal core software 255 determines whether the command necessitatesthat the tool 100 enter a safe mode. In a safe mode, various functionsof the tool 100 are disabled, such as the ability for the motor 180 torotate. For example, if the command directs the controller 125 toinstall, reinstall, or update the application software 205 and/orparameters 210 (i.e., a firmware install/update), the universal coresoftware 255 determines in step 400 to enter the safe mode (step 405).Accordingly, in the safe mode, depression of the trigger of the tool 100will not result in motor 180 rotating. Without a safe mode, operation ofthe tool 100 may be unpredictable, as the software for controlling thetool 100 may be temporarily corrupted while it is being overwritten.Although not illustrated in FIG. 7, a safe mode may also be entered whenhandling read commands or other commands.

After entering the safe mode, or after determining that the safe mode isnot required, the universal core module 255 proceeds to step 410 tooutput the write command and data to the tool component interface module260. The tool component interface module 260 then proceeds to translatethe write command from the universal protocol to the appropriateprotocol and outputs the request to the appropriate tool component. Insome instances, the controller 125 is coupled to the tool components 265via one or more busses, and the write command includes an address thatspecifies a particular tool component or, potentially, a particularportion thereof, for which the write command is intended. In the case ofa firmware update, the write command may specify and address of thememory 160 where the new firmware associated with the write command isto be stored. Such a firmware update may include several write commandsto overwrite or add the firmware to the memory 160. Accordingly, step410 may loop several times until the firmware has been stored in thememory 160. Similarly, the steps 370, 375, and 380 for handling a readcommand may be looped to complete a read operation, particular whenlarger sections of data are being requested. After completing the writecommand, if the safe mode was previously entered, the universal coremodule 255 exits the safe mode in step 415 and proceeds to step 385 toreturn from the interrupt. If the safe mode was not entered, theuniversal core module 255 may bypass step 415 and proceed to step 385 toreturn from the interrupt.

As noted above, the motor drive 165, sensors 170, and user output 175may be memory-mapped such that a write command with an address mayspecify any of the motor drive 165, a sensor of the sensors 170, a useroutput 175, or a section of the memory 160. Accordingly, such a writecommand may be used to control a tool component 265 to operate in aparticular way, rather than to store data or instructions for laterretrieval. For instance, a particular write command or several writecommands to the motor drive 165 may cause activation of the motor drive165 such that the motor 180 rotates, or may cause deactivation of themotor drive 165 such that the motor 108 is disabled or placed in asub-optimal performance mode. Additionally, a write command to a lightof the user output 175 may cause the light to be illuminated ordisabled. Alternatively, rather than memory-mapped componentsaddressable over a bus, the controller 125 may have dedicated orsemi-dedicated pins and connections to communicate with one or more ofthe various tool components 265.

The method 350 presupposes one of two commands, a read or write.However, in some embodiments, the universal core module 255 handlesadditional commands (“other commands”), including more complex commands,such as conditional instructions, multiple-read or multiple writecommands, illumination commands (e.g., to enable or disable a light ofthe user output 175), audible commands (e.g., to cause a speaker of theuser output 175 to generate sound), or motor drive commands (e.g., tocause the motor 180 to operate), etc. Similar to the read and writecommands, the other commands are handled by the universal core module255, potentially in a safe mode.

Additionally, although not illustrated in FIG. 7, in instances where theinterrupt 355 occurs and no command is received (e.g., after a periodicinterrupt), the method 350 exits the interrupt handler in step 385 andreturns to normal operation.

In some instances, internal tool components may generate an interruptand provide one or more commands to the universal core module 255. Forinstance, at regularly timed intervals, or upon an error condition, themotor drive 165 or sensors 170 may generate a hardware interrupt andprovide a command to the universal core module 255. In response, thecontroller 125 may write performance data for the sensors 170 or motordrive 165 to the data log 215, may initiate communication with theexternal device 275 to report conditions of the sensors 170 or motordrive 165, or take another action.

In some embodiments, a software loop executed by the controller 125during normal operation of the tool 100 includes a non-interrupt-based,periodic check to determine whether any commands have been received fromthe physical interface 150 or tool components 265, rather than or inaddition to an interrupt-based approach as described above. The code forperforming the check resides, for instance, in a software loop of theinterface software 200, of the application software 205, or acombination thereof

Thus, the invention provides, among other things, a universal protocolfor use with power tools and other devices. Various features andadvantages of the invention are set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of writing to a tool memory, the methodcomprising: receiving, by a tool, a communication from an externaldevice including a request; determining that the request includes awrite command; placing the tool in a safe mode in response todetermining that the request includes the write command, wherein a motorof the tool is disabled when in the safe mode; writing to a memory ofthe tool in accordance with the write command; and exiting the safe modeupon completion of the write command.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinwriting to the memory of the tool in accordance with the write commandincludes storing in the memory at least one selected from the group oftool parameters and application software.
 3. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving, by the tool, a second communication fromthe external device including a second request; determining that thesecond request includes a read command; and reading from the memory ofthe tool in accordance with the read command without placing the tool inthe safe mode.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein performance data of thetool is included in data read from the memory in accordance with theread command.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving,by the tool, a second communication from the external device including asecond request; determining that the second request includes a readcommand; placing the tool in the safe mode in response to determiningthat the second request includes the read command; reading from thememory of the tool in accordance with the read command; and exiting thesafe mode upon completion of the read command.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving, by the tool, a third communication fromthe external device including a light request; determining that thelight request includes an enable light command; and enabling a worklight of the tool in response to the light request.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein receiving, by the tool, the communication from theexternal device includes: receiving, at a physical interface of thetool, the communication according to first protocol; translating, by aninterface module of the tool, the communication from the first protocolto a universal protocol to form a translated communication including therequest; and providing the translated communication to a universal coremodule.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the universal core modulereceives the translated communication, performs the determining that therequest includes the write command, and performs the placing of the toolin the safe mode in response to determining that the request includesthe write command.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprisingdetermining whether the write command is authorized before writing tothe memory of the tool in accordance with the write command.
 10. Amethod of writing to a memory of a power tool having a motor driven by acontroller, the method comprising: receiving, by the power tool, acommunication from an external device including a request; determining,by the controller, that the request includes a write command;preventing, by the controller, simultaneous writing to the memory anddriving of the motor; and writing to the memory in accordance with thewrite command.
 11. A power tool comprising: a motor; a memory storingapplication software that, when executed, controls a function of thepower tool; and a communication interface forming a communication linkwith an external device and operable to receive a communication from theexternal device including a request; a safe mode in which the motor ofthe power tool is disabled; a controller coupled to the communicationinterface, the motor, and the memory, the controller operable todetermine that the request includes a write command, place the powertool in the safe mode in response to determining that the requestincludes the write command, write to the memory in accordance with thewrite command, and exit the safe mode upon completion of the writecommand.
 12. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the write commandincludes at least one selected from the group of tool parameters andapplication software and writing to the in accordance with the writecommand includes storing in the memory the at least one selected fromthe group of tool parameters and application software.
 13. The powertool of claim 11, wherein the communication interface is furtheroperable to receive a second communication from the external deviceincluding a second request; and wherein the controller is furtheroperable to determine that the second request includes a read commandand, in response, to read from the memory in accordance with the readcommand without placing the power tool in the safe mode.
 14. The powertool of claim 13, wherein performance data of the power tool is includedin data read from the memory in accordance with the read command. 15.The power tool of claim 11, wherein the communication interface isfurther operable to receive a second communication from the externaldevice including a second request; and wherein the controller is furtheroperable to determine that the second request includes a read command;place the power tool in the safe mode in response to determining thatthe second request includes the read command; read from the memory inaccordance with the read command; and exit the safe mode upon completionof the read command.
 16. The power tool of claim 11, wherein thecommunication interface is further operable to receive a thirdcommunication from the external device including a light request;wherein the controller is further operable to determine that the lightrequest includes an enable light command and, in response, to enable awork light of the power tool.
 17. The power tool of claim 11, whereinthe communication interface is a physical interface of the power toolthat communicates according to a first protocol, and wherein thecontroller includes an interface module that translates the request fromthe first protocol to a universal protocol to form a translatedcommunication including the request; and provides the translatedcommunication to a universal core module of the controller.
 18. Thepower tool of claim 17, wherein the universal core module receives thetranslated communication, performs the determining that the requestincludes the write command, and performs the placing of the power toolin the safe mode in response to determining that the request includesthe write command.
 19. The power tool of claim 11, wherein thecontroller is further operable to determine whether the write command isauthorized before writing to the memory in accordance with the writecommand.
 20. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the power tool is oneselected from the group of: a drill, a circular saw, a jig saw, a bandsaw, a reciprocating saw, a screw driver, a grinder, an impact wrench, arotary hammer, and an impact driver.